Science

Euclid Reference Publications: the Euclid Mission Overview

Euclid is a complex mission, consisting of a spacecraft and scientific instruments, a massive cosmological simulation, and large and complex data processing segment to turn instrumental data into scientific meaning. Now, one year after launch, the Euclid Consortium has published a set of five reference papers, providing both the scientific background and an up to date description of the instruments and simulations. Paper 1 (Euclid. I. Overview of the Euclid mission, Euclid Collaboration: Mellier et al. 2024) is giving a full overview of the Euclid mission after launch, ranging from the overall background, the satellite and instruments, the surveys, and finally introduces both the cosmology diagnostics as well as astronomy projects envisioned with Euclid.

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Euclid Reference Publications: the Euclid Instruments

In our mini-series about the Euclid Consortium’s set of new reference papers we are now turning to instrument descriptions: Paper 2 (Euclid. II. The VIS Instrument, Euclid Collaboration: Cropper et al. 2024) describe the VIS instrument, papers 3 and 4 (Euclid. III. The NISP Instrument, Euclid Collaboration: Jahnke et al.; Euclid. IV. The NISP Calibration Unit, Euclid Collaboration: Hormuth et al.) the NISP instrument.

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Euclid Reference Publications: the Flagship Simulations

In our final post on the Euclid Consortium’s new set of reference papers we are turning to an essential part, the final ingredient to enable Euclid’s cosmology goal: Paper 5 (Euclid. V. The Flagship galaxy mock catalogue: a comprehensive simulation for the Euclid mission, Euclid Collaboration: Castander et al. 2024) is about the newly completed cosmological simulation, the Euclid Flagship Simulation, providing a fully-controlled input for testing and characterising the Euclid science pipeline.

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First Early Release Observation science and reference paper release

Euclid survey operations have only started in February, and tuning the science data pipeline will take several more months. The first results from Euclid’s wide and deep main surveys will take until fall, first cosmology papers at least until late 2025.

However, before Euclid’s surveys started, the special ‘Early Release Observation’ (ERO) programme was initiated by ESA. A call was made to propose astronomical targets and connected science cases to showcase the capabilities of Euclid and its two instruments, VIS and NISP. A selection was done, 17 targets were observed in November and December 2023, and today, May 23rd, 2024, ESA and the Euclid Consortium has published the first ERO science results!

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